The main topics here are Newton's laws and the Lagrangian formulation of classical mechanics.
Calculate the point's moment of inertia for this motion!
The moment of inertia is given by $I = \int r_\perp^2 \text dm$.
Calculate the rod's moment of inertia for a rotation around an axis through the center of mass!
The moment of inertia is given by $I = \int r_\perp^2 \text dm$.
Calculate the moment of inertia for a rotation around one end of the rod!
Use the parallel axis theorem.
Calculate the disk's moment of inertia for a rotation around an axis through the center of mass perpendicular to the disk!
The moment of inertia is given by $I = \int r_\perp^2 \text dm$.
Like (a) but move the axis of rotation to the boundary of the disk!
Use the parallel axis theorem.
Euler-Lagrange Equations.
The Lagrangian of a system is given by $L(q_i,\dot q_i)=T-V$, where $T$ is the kinetic energy and $V$ is the potential energy and $q_i$ are generalized coordinates for $N$ degrees of freedom $(i=1\ldots N)$.
Use the principle of least action to derive the Euler-Lagrange Equations for this system!
The principle of least action states that a system will behave in such a way that the action, $$S = \int \text dt\,L(q_i, \dot q_i) ,$$ takes on an extremal value: $\delta S = 0$.
The Lagrangian density of a system is given by $\mathcal L(\varphi_i,\partial_\mu \varphi_i)$, where $\varphi_i(x^\mu)$ are the fields that correspond to $N$ degrees of freedom $(i=1\ldots N)$.
Use the principle of least action to derive the Euler-Lagrange Equations for this system!
The principle of least action states that a system will behave in such a way that the action, $$S = \int\text d^4x\, \mathcal L(\varphi_i,\partial_\mu \varphi_i) ,$$ takes on an extremal value: $\delta S = 0$.
Legendre transformations and conjugated momenta.
The Hamiltonian of a system is given by $H(q_i,p_i)=T+V$, where $T$ is the kinetic energy and $V$ is the potential energy and $q_i$ are generalized coordinates for $N$ degrees of freedom $(i=1\ldots N)$.
Use the definition of the Hamiltonian as the Legendre transformation of the Lagrangian to derive Hamilton's equations of motion!
The Hamiltonian is given by $H(q_i,p_i) = \sum\limits_i p_i \dot q_i -L(q_i, \dot q_i)$.
The Hamiltonian for a free, non-relativistic particle is given by $H(q,p) = \frac{p^2}{2m}$, where $m$ is the particle's mass.
Apply Hamilton's equations of motion for this system to get two differential equations!
Solve these equations!